TY - JOUR A1 - Pascher, Max A1 - Kronhardt, Kirill A1 - Franzen, Til A1 - Gruenefeld, Uwe A1 - Schneegass, Stefan A1 - Gerken, Jens T1 - My Caregiver the Cobot: Comparing Visualization Techniques to Effectively Communicate Cobot Perception to People with Physical Impairments T2 - Sensors N2 - Nowadays, robots are found in a growing number of areas where they collaborate closely with humans. Enabled by lightweight materials and safety sensors, these cobots are gaining increasing popularity in domestic care, where they support people with physical impairments in their everyday lives. However, when cobots perform actions autonomously, it remains challenging for human collaborators to understand and predict their behavior, which is crucial for achieving trust and user acceptance. One significant aspect of predicting cobot behavior is understanding their perception and comprehending how they “see” the world. To tackle this challenge, we compared three different visualization techniques for Spatial Augmented Reality. All of these communicate cobot perception by visually indicating which objects in the cobot’s surrounding have been identified by their sensors. We compared the well-established visualizations Wedge and Halo against our proposed visualization Line in a remote user experiment with participants suffering from physical impairments. In a second remote experiment, we validated these findings with a broader non-specific user base. Our findings show that Line, a lower complexity visualization, results in significantly faster reaction times compared to Halo, and lower task load compared to both Wedge and Halo. Overall, users prefer Line as a more straightforward visualization. In Spatial Augmented Reality, with its known disadvantage of limited projection area size, established off-screen visualizations are not effective in communicating cobot perception and Line presents an easy-to-understand alternative. KW - cobot KW - human-robot collaboration KW - projection KW - virtual reality KW - visualization techniques Y1 - 2022 UR - https://whge.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/4081 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22.2022 IS - 3 SP - Artikelnr. 755 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -