Refine
Year of publication
- 2015 (4) (remove)
Document Type
- video (2)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
- Working Paper (1)
Language
- English (4) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (4) (remove)
Keywords
- Bionik (1)
- Elastizitätsmodul (1)
- Gespenstschrecken (1)
- Haftorgan (1)
- New Public Governance (1)
- New Public Management (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- adhesion (1)
- policymakers (1)
- public policy (1)
Institute
Social innovations «meet social needs», are «good for society» and «enhance society’s capacity to act». But what does their rising importance tell us about the current state of public policy in Europe and its effectiveness in achieving social and economic goals? Some might see social innovation as a critique of public intervention, filling the gaps left by years of policy failure. Others emphasise the innovative potential of cross-boundary collaboration between the public sector, the private sector, the third sector and the household.
This paper explores the conditions under which the state either enables or constrains effective social innovation by transcending the boundaries between different actors. We argue that social innovation is closely linked to public sector innovation, particularly in relation to new modes of policy production and implementation, and to new forms of organisation within the state that challenge functional demarcations and role definitions.
Adhesive organs like arolia of insects allow these animals to climb on different substrates by creating high adhesion forces. According to the Dahlquist criterion, arolia must be very soft exhibiting an effective Young's modulus of below 100 kPa to adhere well to different substrates. In previous studies the effective Young´s moduli of adhesive organs were determined using indentation tests yielding their structure to be very soft indeed. However, arolia show a layered structure, thus the values measured by indentation tests comprise the effective Young´s moduli of the whole organs. In this study, a new approach is illustrated to measure the Young´s modulus of the outermost layer of the arolium, i.e. of the epicuticle, of the stick insect Carausius morosus by tensile testing. Due to the inner fibrous structure of the arolium tensile tests allow the characterisation of the overlying epicuticle.