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Wirtschaftspsychologie
(2025)
NGS Detects Extensive Genomic Alterations in Survivors of Irradiated Normal Human Fibroblast Cells
(2024)
Abstract
It is thought that cells surviving ionizing radiation exposure repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and restore their genomes. However, the recent biochemical and genetic characterization of DSB repair pathways reveals that only homologous recombination (HR) can function in an error-free manner and that the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways canonical NHEJ (c-NHEJ), alternative end joining (alt-EJ), and single-strand annealing (SSA) are error-prone, and potentially leave behind genomic scars and altered genomes. The strong cell cycle restriction of HR to S/ G2 phases and the unparalleled efficiency of c-NHEJ throughout the cell cycle, raise the intriguing question as to how far a surviving cell reaches after repairing the genome back to its pre-irradiation state. Indeed, there is evidence that the genomes of cells surviving radiation treatment harbor extensive genomic alterations. To directly investigate this possibility, we adopted next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and tested a normal human fibroblast cell line, 82-6 hTert, after exposure up to 6 Gy. Cells were irradiated and surviving colonies expanded and the cells frozen. Sequencing analysis using the Illumina sequencing platform and comparison with the unirradiated genome detected frequent genomic alterations in the six investigated radiation survivor clones, including translocations and large deletions. Translocations detected by this analysis and predicted to generate visible cytogenetic alterations were frequently (three out of five) confirmed using mFISH cytogenetic analysis. PCR analysis of selected deletions also confirmed seven of the ten examined. We conclude that cells surviving radiation exposure tolerate and pass to their progeny a wide spectrum of genomic alterations. This recognition needs to be integrated into the interpretation of biological results at all endpoints, as well as in the formulation of mathematical models of radiation action. NGS analysis of irradiated genomes promises to enhance molecular cytogenetics by increasing the spectrum of detectable genomic alterations and advance our understanding of key molecular radiobiological effects and the logic underpinning DSB repair. However, further developments in the technology will be required to harness its full potential.
Abstract
A low-cost plasma nozzle/setup was developed to allow demonstrations, and it invites hands-on experimentation with nonthermal plasmas of air and other gases. Several high-tech plasma applications, such as surface cleaning and activation, as well as mild but effective sterilization, will be explained and adapted to be eagerly explored by undergraduate and senior high school students. The results were surprisingly similar to those obtained with a commercial plasma treatment system. While the focus is on the experimental introduction to plasma physics and chemistry, it will be highlighted how a multidisciplinary approach enables the study and discussion of important concepts ranging from surface energies and contact angles to environmental or microbiological control.
Abstract
Electrospinning has been widely used as a versatile technique to generate nanofibers of various materials. It is also helpful in teaching topics ranging from macromolecular chemistry to physics, safety, and sustainability at various levels of difficulty and student involvement. Simple and safe hands-on experiments/manual assays can be realized for less than 30 euros to demonstrate polymer viscosity and nanofiber alignment and solubility. Students can further study (super)hydrophobicity and even upcycle packaging waste into useful filter materials but also improve the electrospinning setup from a manual assay to an inexpensive Arduino-based 3D printed research platform. Alternatively, the latter can be used for teacher demonstrations of more challenging experiments that can also be easily done using a commercial syringe-pump.
MARGE (Germany)
(2024)
Abstract
This case describes the difficulties of business succession from a successor’s perspective. The case is based on a real metalworking family business in an old industrial region in Germany. The key issues are challenges that, Michelle and Adrian, two second-generation successors within one company, face in teambuilding and finding their own place within the corporation and their team. The case is divided into two parts: Part 1 is a newspaper article about the succession process that points out stereotypes and writing styles in reporting on entrepreneurship/succession in the media. Part 2 is the succession story written from Michelle’s perspective and highlights challenges that female successors face in traditional male-dominated areas, for instance, when it comes to questions of balancing work and family needs. The case addresses issues relating to entrepreneurship and business succession classes, with sociological and psychological overtones.
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to address the impact of formal and informal institutions on women’s entrepreneurship and to extend our understanding of issues influencing women-owned businesses and women’s entrepreneurship in the context of a transition economy, such as Georgia. Our work specifically addresses formal institutions, such as governmental initiatives, financial institutions, and business-relevant education. It also addresses informal institutions, such as women’s role in society, the use of informal networks of connections and acquaintances, and gift-giving practices. Drawing on results from an online focus group discussion with women entrepreneurs in Georgia, we provide initial insights into the critical constraints and supporting factors that local women entrepreneurs experience. Based on the interrelation of institutions and women’s entrepreneurship, we conclude that changes in formal institutions do not lead directly to changing informal institutions. Due to the lack of trust in formal institutions, women entrepreneurs are more likely to look for business development solutions outside the official frames, including illegal or unethical means of survival. Nevertheless, increased opportunities – induced by specific entrepreneurship policies and programs – encourage women to enter entrepreneurship. In addition to this, entrepreneurship enables women in Georgia to overcome gender discrimination issues, which is more prevalent in employment relationships in the local labor market than in entrepreneurial activities.
The Integration of Refugees in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): Case Studies from Practice
(2024)
Abstract
With the increasing number of refugees seeking protection and a new home in Germany, our society faces the task of optimally integrating those refugees. This includes integration into the labor market. This chapter deals with the integration of refugees into small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We explore why SMEs choose to integrate refugees into their business, what opportunities they see in it, what challenges integration brings, and what management considers as success factors of a successful integration. The results show that a successful integration is based on a combination of the individual commitment of the refugees, the acceptance and support of the management and workforce in the company as well as clear, reliable institutional framework conditions.
Journalism and Advertising: On the Separation of Editorial Content and Commercial Communication
(2024)
Abstract
The principle of separation between editorial content and commercial communication protects both the democratic and the commercial function of mass media. This article compiles all available statutory and professional regulations in Germany as an example of the various aspects of the principle of separation, such as the labeling obligation, the prohibition of paid content and tying transactions, as well as the handling of numerous forms of presentation of editorial advertising. Subsequently, the state of research is reported for the individual aspects of the principle of separation, in particular with regard to description and effect. Finally, proposed solutions for current application and desiderata are compiled.
Media Brand Management
(2024)
Abstract
The management of media brands faces challenges. In order to be able to point out possible solutions, this article first explains the concept and the nature of “media brands.” Subsequently, various theoretical approaches to the explanation of media brands and their management are presented. Regardless of theoretical preferences, it is important to keep in mind the brand-strategic complexity of media management that is subsequently described. Due to their specificity,
special attention is paid to the basic strategic positioning options and to the communication management of media brands. In this way, the special features of media brand management become clear in comparison with other products and services.