Andreas Rühmkorf

• This chapter is a commentary on Principle 21 of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). The UNGPs, endorsed by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2011, are the first universally accepted framework for addressing business responsibilities for human rights. They outline State obligations to protect human rights, businesses’ responsibility to respect human rights, and the importance of both States and businesses offering adequate remedies for human rights breaches.