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We report on the suitability of two different ranges of Hounsfield units (HU) in computed tomography (CT) for the quantification of metallic components of active implantable medical devices (AIMD). The conventional Hounsfield units (CHU) range, which is traditionally used in radiology, is well suited for tissue but suspected inappropriate for metallic materials. Precise HU values are notably beneficial in radiotherapy (RT) for accurate dose calculations, thus for the safety of patient carrying implants. Some of today’s CT machines offers an extended Hounsfield units (EHU) range. This study presents CT acquisitions of a water phantom containing various metallic discs and an implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (IPG). We show that the comparison of HU values at EHU and CHU ranges clearly reveals the superiority and accuracy of EHU. Some geometrical discrepancies perpendicular to slices are observed. At EHU metal artifact reduction algorithms (MAR) underestimates HU values rendering MAR potentially inappropriate for RT.
Opportunities and Challenges in Mixed-Reality for an Inclusive Human-Robot Collaboration Environment
(2018)
This paper presents an approach to enhance robot control using Mixed-Reality. It highlights the opportunities and challenges in the interaction design to achieve a Human-Robot Collaborative environment. In fact, Human-Robot Collaboration is the perfect space for social inclusion. It enables people, who suffer severe physical impairments, to interact with the environment by providing them movement control of an external robotic arm. Now, when discussing about robot control it is important to reduce the visual-split that different input and output modalities carry. Therefore, Mixed-Reality is of particular interest when trying to ease communication between humans and robotic systems.