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- Bionik (8)
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- Leichtbau (3)
- stick insects (3)
- Competency-Oriented Exams (2)
- biomimicry (2)
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Institut
- Maschinenbau Bocholt (60) (entfernen)
This paper reveals various approaches undertaken over more than two decades of teaching undergraduate programming classes at different Higher Education Institutions, in order to improve student activation and participation in class and consequently teaching and learning effectiveness.
While new technologies and the ubiquity of smartphones and internet access has brought new tools to the classroom and opened new didactic approaches, lessons learned from this personal long-term study show that neither technology itself nor any single new and often hyped didactic approach ensured sustained improvement of student activation. Rather it needs an integrated yet open approach towards a participative learning space supported but not created by new tools, technology and innovative teaching methods.
This paper presents a pragmatic approach for stepwise introduction of peer assessment elements in undergraduate programming classes, discusses some lessons learned so far and directions for further work. Students are invited to challenge their peers with their own programming exercises to be submitted through Moodle and evaluated by other students according to a predefined rubric and supervised by teaching assistants. Preliminary results show an increased activation and motivation of students leading to a better performance in the final programming exams.
Desert ants Cataglyphis spec. monitor inclination and distance covered through force-based sensing in their legs. To transfer this mechanism to legged robots, artificial neural networks are used to determine the inclination angle of an experimental ramp from the motor data of the legs of a commercial hexapod walking robot. It is possible to determine the inclination angle of the ramp based on the motor data of the robot legs read out during a run. The result is independent of the weight and orientation of the robot on the ramp and hence robust enough to serve as an independent odometer.
Ventilanordnung und Verfahren zum Kühlen eines Wärmetauschers eines Fahrzeugs [Offenlegungsschrift]
(2023)
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ventilanordnung umfassend wenigstens ein durch Gas, insbesondere Luft, durchströmbares Ventilelement (1, 1') mit einer Öffnung, wobei der Öffnung ein Dichtelement zugeordnet ist, mit dem die Öffnung verschließbar und/oder öffenbar ist, wobei das Dichtelement durch einen Dichtflächenbereich eines Plattenelements ausgebildet ist, vorzugsweise eines in zumindest einem möglichen Betriebszustand planen Plattenelements ausgebildet ist, wobei das Dichtelement der Öffnung des wenigstens einen Ventilelements gegenüberliegt und der das Dichtelement bildende Dichtflächenbereich des Plattenelements mittels wenigstens eines Spiralarmes mit einem Randflächenbereich des Plattenelements einstückig und relativ zum Randflächenbereich beweglich verbunden ist und der wenigstens eine Spiralarm von wenigstens einer um den Dichtflächenbereich verlaufenden spiralförmigen und durch Gas durchströmbare Ausnehmung in dem Plattenelement zumindest bereichsweise umgeben ist. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Kühlen eines Wärmetauschers in
einem Fahrzeug.
This chapter describes a new concept and experiences of a distributed interdisciplinary learning program for students across continents. The aim is to provide students with a truly Global Intercultural Project Experience (GIPE) by working together with peers from around the world and solving real-life client’s problems. We have received seed-funding for four annual projects to engage students from Germany (Europe), Namibia (Africa), Indonesia (Asia), and Peru (South America). In 2020 and 2021, 28 and 44 students from four continents engaged in a one-semester distributed interdisciplinary project for a Namibian and Indonesian client, respectively. Despite Covid-19 they successfully completed the project expressing deep appreciation for the learning opportunities overcoming challenges of working across widespread time zones, cultures, changing requirements, and various technical difficulties. Considering the vast learning benefits, we suggest incorporating such projects in all tertiary education curricula across the globe, while streamlining organizational efforts based on lessons learned.
We investigated the formation of Artemia franciscana swarms of freshly hatched instar I nauplii larvae. Nauplii were released into light gradients but then interrupted by light-direction changes, small obstacles, or long barriers. All experiments were carried out horizontally. Each experiment used independent replicates. Freshly produced Artemia broods were harvested from independent incubators thus providing true replicate cohorts of Artemia subjected as replicates to the experimental treatments.
We discovered that Artemia nauplii swarms can: 1. repeatedly react to non-obstructed light gradients that undergo repeated direction-changes and do so in a consistent way, 2. find their way to a light source within maze-like arrangements made from small transparent obstacles, 3. move as a swarm around extended transparent barriers, following a light gradient. This paper focuses on the recognition of whole-swarm behaviors, the description thereof and the recognition of differences in whole-swarm movements comparing non-obstructed swarming with swarms encountering obstacles. Investigations of the within-swarm behaviors of individual Artemia nauplii and their interactions with neighboring nauplii are in progress, e.g. in order to discover the underlying swarming algorithms and differences
thereof comparing non-obstructed vs. obstructed pathways.
Biomimetics is a well-known approach for technical innovation. However, most of its influence remains in the academic field. One option for increasing its application in the practice of technical design is to enhance the use of the biomimetic process with a step-by-step standard, building a bridge to common engineering procedures. This article presents the endeavor of an interdisciplinary expert panel from the fields of biology, engineering science, and industry to develop a standard that links biomimetics to the classical processes of product development and engineering design. This new standard, VDI 6220 Part 2, proposes a process description that is compatible and connectable to classical approaches in engineering design. The standard encompasses both the solution-based and the problem-driven process of biomimetics. It is intended to be used in any product development process for more biomimetic applications in the future.
Fruits (follicles) of Hakea salicifolia and Hakea sericea (Proteaceae) are characterised by pronounced lignification and open via a ventral suture and the dorsal side. The opening along both sides is unique within the Proteaceae. Both serotinous species are obligate seeders, whose spreading benefits from bush fire events. The different tissues and the course of the vascular bundles must allow the opening mechanism. While their 2D-arrangements are known to some extent from light-microscopy images of cross-sections, this work presents their three-dimensional structures and discusses their contribution to the opening of Hakea fruits. For this purpose, 3D greyscale images, reconstructed from µCT-projection data of both fruits are segmented, assisted by a deep learning algorithm (AI algorithm). 3D renderings from these segmentations show strongly interconnected vascular bundles that build a double-dome shaped network in each valve of H. salicifolia and a dome shaped honeycomb-structure in each valve of H. sericea. However, the vascular bundles of both species show no interconnection between the two lateral valves of the fruit but leave gaps for predetermined fracture tissues on the ventral and dorsal side. The opening of the fruits after a fire or after separation from the mother plant can be explained by the anisotropic shrinkage in the two valves of the fruit.
This paper describes a new concept and experiences of a distributed interdisciplinary learning programme for students across continents. The aim is to provide students with a truly Global Intercultural Project Experience (GIPE) by working together with peers from around the world, and solving real-life client’s problems. We have received seed-funding for four annual projects to engage students from Germany (Europe), Namibia (Africa), Indonesia (Asia), and Peru (Latin-America). In 2020, 30 students from four continents engaged in a one-semester distributed software development project for a Namibian client. Despite Covid-19 they successfully completed the project expressing deep appreciation for the learning opportunities overcoming challenges of working across wide-spread time zones, cultures, changing requirements, and various technical challenges. Considering the vast learning benefits, we suggest to incorporate such projects in all tertiary education curricula across the globe.
Competency-oriented exams offer a wide range of advantages, especially where the use and mastery of third-party applications and tools play an important role. Therefore, we developed a competency-oriented setup for both our programming classes and exams ensuring their constructive alignment.
Exams were moved to the computer lab and designed to test both conceptional skills as well as the use of state-of-the-art programming tools. At the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, when exams had to be moved from lab to online, we needed to design an online setup for our practical programming exams preserving the competency-oriented approach and its constructive alignment as well as the validity, reliability and fairness of the exams. The key was to use the same online tools that have been introduced
for running lectures and practical classes offering almost the same learning experience as before the pandemic. However, to ensure the validity and fairness of the exams, some kind of online supervision needed to be implemented as technical solutions were found to be either unusable or not working
properly in our case. This paper discusses the driving factors, the resulting technical and organizational setup as well as students’ feedback and lessons learned for further improvements. Therefore, COVID-19 has not been able to ruin our competency-oriented programming exams.
Flying insects employ elegant optical-flow-based strategies to solve complex tasks such as landing or obstacle avoidance. Roboticists have mimicked these strategies on flying robots with only limited success, because optical flow (1) cannot disentangle distance from velocity and (2) is less informative in the highly important flight direction. Here, we propose a solution to these fundamental shortcomings by having robots learn to estimate distances to objects by their visual appearance. The learning process obtains supervised targets from a stability-based distance estimation approach. We have successfully implemented the process on a small flying robot. For the task of landing, it results in faster, smooth landings. For the task of obstacle avoidance, it results in higher success rates at higher flight speeds. Our results yield improved robotic visual navigation capabilities and lead to a novel hypothesis on insect intelligence: behaviours that were described as optical-flow-based and hardwired actually benefit from learning processes.
Biomimetics is the interdisciplinary co-operation of various scientific disciplines and fields of innovation, and it aims to solve practical problems using biological models. Biomimetic research and its fields of application are manifold, and the community is made up of a wide range of disciplines, from biologists and engineers to designers. Guidelines and standards can build a common ground for understanding of the field, communication across disciplines, present and future projects and implementation of biomimetic knowledge. Since 2015, three international standards have been published and defined terms and definitions, as well as specific applications. The scientific literature and patents in several databases were searched for citations of the published standards. Standards or technical guidelines on biomimetics are represented both in the scientific literature and in patents. However, taking into account the increasing number of publications in biomimetics, the number of publications (52) citing the international standards is low. This shows that the perception of technical rules is still underrepresented in the academic field. Greater awareness and acceptance of the importance of standards for quality assurance even in the academic environment is discussed, and active participation in the corresponding International Organization for Standardization committee on biomimetics is asked for.
Das härteste Wettbewerbsumfeld ist die Natur. Ein hoher Selektionsdruck führt dort zu Organismen, die mit geringem Aufwand besser an die herrschenden Bedingungen angepasst sind, als die Wettbewerber. Die hierzu verwendeten Strategien zum Materialeinsatz sind sehr effizient und als Strukturoptimierung abstrahiert auch in der Technik anwendbar. In diesem Vortrag werden Optimierungsmethoden und Vorgehensweisen für einen effizienten Materialverbrauch vorgestellt und diskutiert.
E-Mail und die Detektive
(2014)
Das härteste Wettbewerbsumfeld ist die Natur. Ein hoher Selektionsdruck führt dort zu Organismen, die mit geringem Aufwand besser an die herrschenden Bedingungen angepasst sind, als die Wettbewerber. Die hierzu verwendeten Strategien zum Materialeinsatz sind sehr effizient und als Strukturoptimierung abstrahiert auch in der Technik anwendbar. In diesem Vortrag werden Optimierungsmethoden und Vorgehensweisen für einen effizienten Materialverbrauch vorgestellt und diskutiert.
In diesem Beitrag soll deutlich gemacht werden, an welchen Stellen eines Entwicklungsprozesses Bionik die Entwicklungsarbeit in einem Unternehmen stärken kann. Es werden die Arbeitsabschnitte benannt, in denen der Einsatz von Bionik als besonders erfolgversprechend erachtet wird, und was bei der Durchführung beachtet werden sollte. Darauf aufbauend werden konkrete Methoden benannt, die spezifisch für die Bionik sind, und erläutert, in welchen Arbeitsabschnitten ein Einsatz möglich ist.
Mit Ausgabedatum Juli 2018 wurde die Norm DIN ISO 18457 "Bionik - Bionische Werkstoffe, Strukturen und Bestandteile (ISO 18457:2016) veröffentlicht. Aus diesem Anlass blicken wir auf die bisherigen Aktivitäten zurück, die zur Veröffentlichung von insgesamt drei grundlegenden Normen im Bereich der Bionik geführt haben.
Ameisen der Gattung Cataglyphis sind in der Lage, auf Basis propriozeptiver Signale zu navigieren. Dabei werden Odometrie und der Neigungswinkel des Untergrunds über die Beinbewegung ermittelt. Das System ist robust und funktioniert mit geringem rechnerischen Aufwand. Dadurch eignet es sich als Vorbild für die Navigation von Laufrobotern in schwierigem Gelände. Ziel ist die Entwicklung eines breit anwendbaren generischen Systems, das über ein bionisch inspiriertes Odometer verfügt. Im Speziellen wird untersucht, ob die charakterisierende Größe in der Neigungsbestimmung die in den Beinen wirkenden Kräfte sind. Die Positionierung der Kraftsensoren im Ameisenbein legt eine weitere Vereinfachung auf die in den Gelenken auftretenden Drehmomente nahe. Die Implementierung des Odometers wird in einer Simulation sowie an einer robotischen Einzelbeinplattform validiert. Vorteile dieses Systems sind die kostengünstige und kompakte Implementierung, die im besten Fall keine zusätzlichen Sensoren benötigt und eine Positionsbestimmung in Echtzeit ohne externe Infrastruktur ermöglicht
Das Verbinden von Sensoren und Aktoren ist ein wichtiger Teil der Mechatronik. Die Automatisierung von Prozessen in vielen industriellen Zweigen nimmt stetig zu. Dazu gehört das gezielte Verarbeiten von Daten die mittels Sensoren erfasst wurden und das Berechnen von darauf resultierenden erforderlichen Aktionen.
Das thematisierte Problem, in dieser Arbeit, ist die Erkennung eines bestimmten Objekts mittels optischen Sensoren sowie die Ansteuerung eines Roboterarms.
Dies wird mittels eines Roboterarms von KUKA umgesetzt. Alle Daten bezüglich der Position des zu greifenden Objekts werden mittels einer TOF-Kamera von Orbbec erfasst und mittels MATLAB berechnet.
Dadurch, dass die Basis des Arms verfahrbar bleiben soll, kommen nur eine am Arm montierte oder eine mittels weiterer Halterung am youBot befestigter Kamera in Frage.
Doch die Fixierung am youBot wirft weitere Probleme auf:
Keinen fixen Nullpunkt, Rotation des Arms, ungenaue Positions-Wiederholgenauigkeit und weitere.
Der Schwerpunkt liegt in der Erkennung von Objekten sowie dem Ansteuern eines Roboterarms. Es wird eine Inverse Kinematik zur Berechnung der Winkelstellungen verwendet. Diese ist nur eine vereinfachte geometrische Variante, die nur in angepassten Fällen verwendet werden kann.
Die Westfälische Hochschule am FB Maschinenbau - Bocholt, besitzt seit 2015 vier KUKA youBots. Diese dienen der Lehre und Forschung.
Die youBots haben veraltete interne PCs. Damit ist eine Aktualisierung auf das aktuelle Robot-Operating-System (ROS)-Kinetic nicht möglich. Die Arbeit behandelt den Umbau der PC-Hardware und die Aktualisierung der ROS-Treiber.
Mit der auf den neusten Stand gebrachten Hard- und Software, soll der youBot autonom von und zu einer Taktstraße verfahren. Dies soll mit Hilfe des AMCL-Algorithmus und der Zielvorgabe durch MATLAB geschehen.