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Institut
The two churches, San Francesco and Sant'Agostino in Amatrice, Italy was hit by an earthquake on August 24 2016. Both churches are in a state of partial collapse, in need of shoring to prevent potential further destruction and to preserve the national heritage. The video show the mission at 1.Sept.2016 in clips of 10 seconds.
The TRADR project was asked by the Italian firebrigade Vigili del Fuoco to provide 3D textured models of two churches.
The team entered San Francesco with two UGVs (ground robots) and one UAV (drone, flown by Prof. Surmann), teleoperating them entirely out of line of sight and partially in collaboration. We entered Sant'Agostino with one UAV (also flown by Prof. Surmann) while two other UAVs were providing a view from different angles to facilitate maneuvering them entirely out of line of sight.
Adhesive organs enable insects to reversibly adhere to substrates even during rapid locomotion. In this process a very fast but reliable change of adhesion and detachment is realised. The stick insect Carausius morosus detaches its adhesive organs by peeling them off the substrate, meaning little areas of the adhesive organs are detached one after another. For such a detachment mechanism low pulling forces are needed. A detachment mechanism as peeling seems also for artificial adhesion devices to be the easiest and the most effortless mechanism for detachment. However, artificial adhesion devices mostly exhibit a solid backing layer preventing effortless peeling. To lift up and detach a small area at the corner of an adhesion device the backing layer has to be tilted, resulting in a deformation of the whole adhesion device, which requires high forces. Subdividing the backing layer into small subunits allows a detachment of a small area at the corner of the adhesion device without deforming the rest of the adhesion device. Thereby, less force is needed to initiate and to complete detachment. To realise an easy detachment of artificial adhesion devices we constructed a holder, which gradually detaches an adhesion device from two sides off the substrate. During normal loading the subunits of the holder interlock with each other so that the pulling force is equally distributed over the whole contact area of the adhesion device ensuring maximal adhesion force. In addition, the holder can be used to increase adhesion during application of the adhesion device. When brought into contact with the substrate with lifted sides, which are lowered subsequently, air trapping is prevented and hence the area of contact can be maximised.
The conventional quantitative method for the analysis of inorganic elements in polymer matrices is a complex and time consuming process that presents a significant risk for error. Typically, polymers are digested in a microwave oven or other devices under high temperature and pressure for several hours while employing different mixtures of high purity acids. In many cases, particularly when high concentrations of doped elements are present, the digestion is often incomplete and therefore the reproducibility depends strongly on the type of polymer and additives used. A promising alternative technology that allows for the direct analysis of these polymers without digestion is laser ablation ICP-MS. Due to a lack of available reference materials and the presence of matrix dependent effects, a precise calibration cannot be obtained. In order to compensate for the matrix dependent effects the use of internal standardization is necessary. In this study the correlation between the carbon released during the ablation process and the 13C signal detected by ICP-MS and its use as an internal standard are investigated. For this purpose, twenty-one virgin polymer materials are ablated; the released carbon is determined and correlated with the corresponding integrated 13C signal. The correlation resulted in a direct relationship between the ablated carbon and 13C signal demonstrating the potential ability to neglect at least some of the matrix dependent and transport effects which occur during the laser ablation of virgin polymers.
In an effort to better understand the various forms of social innovation, mapping has become a common and widely applied method for gaining insights into social innovation practices. The transdisciplinary nature of social innovation research has led to a plurality of distinct approaches and methods. Given the increasing interest in social innovation, and the apparent endeavour among policymakers to utilise social innovation to address current societal challenges, it is argued that mapping efforts need to be streamlined in order to make better use of their results. The article describes 17 ongoing or recently finalised research projects on social innovation and their methodological approaches on “mapping” social innovations. It provides a systematic overview on project objectives, SI definitions and mapping approaches for each of the scrutinised projects and ends with a synoptical analysis on methods, objectives and missing research.
Solutions to empower and (re-)engage vulnerable and marginalised populations to unfold their hidden potential allowing them to fully participate the social, economic, cultural and political life, necessarily involve institutional change. This in turn necessitates understanding the processes and mechanisms by which social innovations lead to in-stitutional change. Considering the specific nature of social innova-tions as interactive, generative and contextualised phenomena while maintaining that many practices at the micro-level can add up to patterns and regularities at the macro-level, middle-range theorising (MRT) is proposed as an appropriate method to theoreti-cally underpin and substantiate theoretical advancements towards a multidisciplinary perspective on the economic dimensions of social innovation, identifying the direction of future empirical inquiries.
Earwig wings are highly foldable structures that lack internal muscles. The behaviour and shape changes of the wings during flight are yet unknown. We assume that they meet a great structural challenge to control the occurring deformations and prevent the wing from collapsing. At the folding structures especially, the wing could easily yield to the pressure. Detailed microscopy studies reveal adaptions in the structure and material which are not relevant for folding purposes. The wing is parted into two structurally different areas with, for example, a different trend or stiffness of the wing veins. The storage of stiff or more flexible material shows critical areas which undergo great changes or stress during flight. We verified this with high-speed video recordings. These reveal the extent of the occurring deformations and their locations, and support our assumptions. The video recordings reveal a dynamical change of a concave flexion line. In the static unfolded state, this flexion line blocks a folding line, so that the wing stays unfolded. However, during flight it extends and blocks a second critical folding line and prevents the wing from collapsing. With these results, more insight in passive wing control, especially within high foldable structures, is gained.