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- Konferenzveröffentlichung (19) (entfernen)
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- API 1130 (1)
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- Deutschland / Technische Regeln für brennbare Flüssigkeiten (1)
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- Elektrotechnik und angewandte Naturwissenschaften (19) (entfernen)
Many fluids transported by pipelines are in some sense hazardous. It is therefore often necessary to install leak detection (and locating) systems (LDS), especially due to legal regulations like the "Code for Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49 Part 195", API 1130 2nd Ed., both for the USA, or the "Technische Regeln für Fernleitungen" (TRFL) (Technical Rules for Pipelines) in Germany. This paper gives a survey of methodologies, methods and techniques for leak detection and locating. The survey starts with some remarks concerning (legal) regulations both for the USA and for Germany. Some few words about externally based systems (due to API 1130 2nd Ed.) follow next. A significant part of the paper deals with internally based systems (also due to API 1130 2nd Ed.) like balancing systems (line balance, volume balance, compensated mass balance etc.), Real Time Transient Model LDS (RTTM-LDS), pressure/flow monitoring and statistical analysis LDS. Different methods for leak locating (gradient intersection method, wave propagation analysis etc.) will also be shown. The presentation of an Extended RTTM approach (E-RTTM) combining advantages of conventional RTTM LDS and statistical analysis follows next, together with the demonstration of applicability by means of two examples, a liquid multi-batch pipeline, and a gas pipeline. Sketching future work and the conclusion conclude the survey.
A simplified model for spondylodesis, ie fixation of vertebrae by osteosynthesis, is developed for virtual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations to numerically calculate energy absorption. This paper presents results of calculated energy absorption in body tissue surrounding titanium rod implants. In general each wire or rod behaves like an antenna in electromagnetic fields. The specific absorption rate (SAR) profile describes dependence of implant size. SAR hotspots appear near the rod edges. Depending of the size of implant fixation SAR is 62%(small fixation) up to 90.95%(large fixation) higher than without implants. In addition, local SAR profile displays local dependency on tissue: SAR is lower between the vertebrae.
Upgrade of Bioreactor System Providing Physiological Stimuli
to Engineered Musculoskeletal Tissues
(2017)
A novel central control interface (CCI) is developed to improve the modular bioreactor system with regard to extendability and modifiability in Tissue Engineering (TE) applications. This paper presents the results developed in the project with open-source hardware and the graphical programming system LabVIEW. A new platform independent User Interface was further developed to contribute to the new flexibility of the device.