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This study contributes to the literature by analysing the joint association of managerial overconfidence, certainty, narcissism, and the Big Five personality traits with debt ratios in the institutional setting of the German two-tier system. Moreover, it provides insights into how corporate governance quality moderates the effects of personality. The analysis relied on the chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) speeches at annual general meetings (AGMs) that were voluntarily disseminated, a novel data source. Managers’ personality traits were measured using software-aided content analysis, and their impact on the debt ratio was analysed using panel regressions. Consistent with previous studies, the debt ratios of German issuers are significantly and positively related to the proxies of managerial certainty and narcissism. However, their model inclusion contributes only marginally to explanatory power. Conversely, the coefficients of the proxies for the Big Five personality traits remained statistically non-significant. Moreover, a significantly negative relationship between debt ratios and the interaction term between a proxy for corporate governance quality and managerial certainty is observed that corresponds to the risk-mitigating impact of corporate governance.
Motorisches Lernen
(2024)
In diesem Kapitel geben wir einen Überblick über unterschiedliche Forschungstraditionen im Bereich des motorischen Lernens, indem wir motorisches Lernen auf unterschiedlichen Zeitskalen betrachten: Sensomotorische Adaptation beschreibt motorisches Lernen auf der kürzesten Zeitskala. Fertigkeitserwerb bezieht sich auf den länger andauernden Erwerb eines neuen Bewegungsablaufs. Fitness oder evolutionäres motorisches Lernen thematisiert angeborene Verhaltensweisen, die sich im Laufe der Stammesgeschichte als nützlich erwiesen haben, und wird der Vollständigkeit halber am Ende des Kapitels kurz umrissen.
Senior police officers' tactical gaze control and visual attention improve with an individual video-based police firearms training. To validate the efficacy of said intervention training, a previous experiment was systematically replicated with a sample of N = 52 second-year police cadets. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention training that focused on situational awareness, tactical gaze control, and visual attention, or an active control training that addressed traditional marksmanship skills. In a pre- and post-test, they had to engage in dynamic shoot/don't shoot video scenarios in an indoor firing range. Overall, the previous findings were replicated: Baseline levels of performance were elevated, yet the intervention group significantly improved their response time and time until the first hit. False positive decision-making cannot be reported at all; false negatives were marginal in the pre-test and eliminated after training. Further, the outcomes of the previous sample of senior officers and the present sample of cadets are compared and lead to the conclusion that the presented approach is a valuable extension of current training standards for both senior police officers and police cadets.
Action-imagery-practice refers to the repetitive use of action imagery to improve subsequent performance leading to partially different representation types than action-execution-practice (AEP). This study explored the representation types in kinesthetic action-imagery-practice (K-AIP) and visual action-imagery-practice (V-AIP) in a serial reaction time task using the crossed hand transfer paradigm. 169 participants (age M ± SD = 25.2 ± 3.9) were randomly assigned to AEP, K-AIP, V-AIP, or control-practice (CP), practicing with uncrossed hands on ten consecutive days. Tests involved the same sequence, a mirror sequence, a shifted sequence, and a shifted mirror sequence, each with uncrossed and crossed hands. With crossed hands, sequence-specific transfer effects indicated only little evidence for effector-independent representations in late stages of learning in AEP and V-AIP. Performance in the same sequence with uncrossed hands indicated the acquisition of stimulus-response location associated effector-dependent sequence-specific representations in AEP, K-AIP and V-AIP, but not in CP. These visual-spatial effector-dependent representations were stronger after AEP than after AIP. Overall, no important differences between both AIP groups were observed, and both groups reported similar focus on kinesthesis and vision, suggesting that irrespective of the instructions, rather than focusing on one single modality, AIP always involves a combination of both modalities - vision and kinesthesis - that promote motor learning.
Maximilian Steinbeis: Die verwundbare Demokratie – Strategien gegen die populistische Übernahme
(2024)
Geldschöpfung und Geldpolitik im Euroraum: Inwieweit ist Geldpolitik zugleich Strukturpolitik?
(2024)
Sowohl im Online-, aber auch im stationären Handel sind schon etliche innovative immersive Anwendungen entstanden, die neue kognitive und affektive Interaktions- und Informationsmöglichkeiten bieten. In den Bereichen Kunst, Immobilien, Architektur, Gaming, Fashion, Stadtplanung und -führungen finden sich ebenfalls mehr und mehr AR/VR Anwendungen. In diesem Beitrag wird nach einer Sichtung ausgewählter immersiver Projekte ein Konzept zur Nutzung von AR bzw. VR für Leerstände in einer ehemals attraktiven Einkaufsmeile in Gelsenkirchen vorgestellt.
