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A Crypto-Token Based Charging Incentivization
Scheme for Sustainable Light Electric Vehicle
Sharing
(2021)
The ecological impact of shared light electric vehicles (LEV) such as kick scooters is still widely discussed. Especially the fact that the vehicles and batteries are collected using diesel vans in order to charge empty batteries with electricity of unclear origin is perceived as unsustainable. A better option could be to let the users charge the vehicles themselves whenever it is necessary. For this, a decentralized,flexible and easy to install network of off-grid solar charging stations could bring renewable electricity where it is needed without sacrificing the convenience of a free float sharing system. Since the charging stations are powered by solar energy the most efficient way to utilize them would be to charge the vehicles when the sun is shining. In order to make users charge the vehicle it is necessary to provide some form of benefit for
them doing so. This could be either a discount or free rides. A
particularly robust and well-established mechanism is controlling incentives via means of blockchain-based cryptotokens. This paper demonstrates a crypto-token based scheme for incentivizing users to charge sharing vehicles during times of considerable solar irradiation in order to contribute to more sustainable mobility services.
Serviceangebote aus der Public Cloud schießen derzeit förmlich durch die Decke. Obwohl Coroana in einzelnen Bereichen Cloud-Projekte verzögert, gehören die Digitalisierung und damit auch Cloud Services zu den eindeutigen Gewinnersn in der Krise: Doch mit der Auslagerung von IT-Services im großen Maßstab in die Cloud, nehmen auch Cyberkriminelle dieses Umfeld mehr und mehr ins Visier. Cloud Service Provider sind zwar in der Regel sicherheitstechnisch immer auf dem neuesten Stand - aber auch sie sind angreifbar. Damit Cyberkriminelle in Cloud-Umgebungen keine Chance haben, den Blicken von Unternehemen und Strafverfolgungsbehörden zu entgehen, ist eine umfassende digitale Forensik erforderlich. In der Praxis bestehen dafür jedoch große Hürden. Deshalb müssen hier jetzt schnell neue, kreative Ansätze gefunden werden.
Die Art und Weise wie wir leben und wohnen hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren stark verändert, daraus haben sich einige neue Trends für den häuslichen Alltag ergeben. Dies ist unter anderem darauf zurückzuführen, dass das steigende Umweltbewusstsein viele Handlungsentscheidungen beeinflusst. Zudem bedingt die demografische Entwicklung, dass nach neuen Lösungsansätzen für ein eigenständiges Leben im Alter gesucht werden muss. Mittlerweile ist auch das Homeoffice so etabliert, dass daraus neue Gegebenheiten für das heutige und künftige Arbeiten von Zuhause resultieren, die technologische Veränderungen notwendig machen. Insgesamt wird ein Wandel hin zum smarten Zuhause als Chance gesehen, diesen aktuellen Herausforderungen zu begegnen. Aber was
bedeutet Smart Home tatsächlich im täglichen Leben und wie wird dieses in der Zukunft gestaltet werden? Für die Einschätzung hier gilt es, die Vorteile von Smart Home ebenso zu betrachten, wie mögliche Risiken und was berücksichtigt werden muss, um Schäden zu vermeiden. Denn nur so lässt sich eine Akzeptanz in der digitalen Zukunft zu erzielen.
Background: By reviewing image quality and diagnostic perception, the suitability of a statistical model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm in conjunction with low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening is investigated.
Methods: Artificial lung nodules shaped as spheres and spiculated spheres made from material with calibrated Hounsfield units were attached on marked positions in the lung structure of anthropomorphic phantoms. The phantoms were scanned using standard high contrast, and two low-dose computed tomography protocols: low-dose and ultra-low-dose. For the reconstruction, the filtered back projection and the iterative reconstruction algorithm ADMIRE at different strength levels (S1–S5) and the kernels Bl57, Br32, Br69 were used. Expert radiologists assessed image quality by performing 4-field-ranking tests and reading all image series to examine the aptitude for the detectability of lung nodules. Signal-to-noise ratio was investigated as objective image quality parameter.
Results: In ranking tests for lung foci detection expert radiologists prefer medium to high iterative reconstruction strength levels. For the standard clinical kernel Bl57 and varying phantom diameter, a noticeable preference for S4 was detected. Experienced radiologists graded filtered back projection reconstructed images with the highest perceptibility. Less experienced readers assessed filtered back projection and iterative reconstruction equally with the highest grades for the Bl57 kernel. Independently of the dose protocol, the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the iterative reconstruction strength level, specifically for Br69 and Bl57.
Conclusions: Subjective image perception does not significantly correlate with the experience of the radiologist, which presumably mirrors reader’s training and accustomed reading adjustments. Regarding signal-to-noise ratio, iterative reconstruction outperforms filtered back projection for spheres and spiculated spheres. Iterative reconstruction matters. It promises to be an alternative to filtered back projection allowing for lung-cancer screening at markedly decreased radiation exposure but comparable or even improved image quality.
This introduction to a special issue about concepts and facets of entrepreneurial diversity serves as a starting point for further discussion and research in this field. For this purpose, we provide information about the roots of the study of diversity and current trends in entrepreneurship research and present a frame for (researching) entrepreneurial diversity. Additionally, we briefly summarize the three papers selected for inclusion in this special issue. Together, they offer insights into the intersections of different diversity dimensions, personality as a deep dimension of team composition, and a general critical reflection on the conceptualization of entrepreneurial diversity. Taken together, the papers in this special issue present new findings and contribute to further advancing the long overdue research on and discussion about diversity in the field of entrepreneurship.