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Wenngleich die professionelle Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik im Rahmen von Personalauswahlverfahren einen psychologisch validen und ökonomisch effizienten Weg zur Entscheidungsfindung darstellt, wird häufig bei der Besetzung von Führungspositionen auf ebendiese verzichtet. Zumeist wird dies dadurch begründet, dass man (potenziellen) Führungskräften ein solches Verfahren nicht " zumuten" möchte und dass Persönlichkeitstests der Akzeptanz des Auswahlprozesses aus Sicht der Teilnehmenden schaden könnten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir mit dem Kölner Persönlichkeitsinventar (ki.8) einen berufsbezogenen Persönlichkeitsfragebogen vor, der eine große Bandbreite führungsrelevanter Traits (Big Five plus dunkle Triade) erfasst und mit einem besonderen Augenmerk auf das Gütekriterium der sozialen Validität konstruiert wurde. Weiter legen wir die Ergebnisse zweier Feldstudien mit Führungskräften und Mitarbeiter/-innen deutscher Unternehmen vor (Nges = 487), die die Akzeptanz des Messinstruments unterstreichen.
The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the inner workings of transformational leadership in the context of organizational change. According to the organizational role theory, role conflict is proposed as a mediator between transformational leadership and affective commitment to change and irritation. Cross-sectional data were collected in a German company in the textiles sector, undergoing a pervasive IT-related change. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was performed for validity and hypothesis testing. The findings suggest that role conflict acts as a full mediator in the relationship between transformational leadership and affective commitment to change, as well as irritation. Transformational leadership is often discussed in terms of change-oriented leadership. Surprisingly, only a few studies have examined the specific impact of transformational leadership on attitudinal outcomes during change processes, yet. Consequently, research on the underlying psychological mechanisms of the relationship is scarce, too.
Betriebliches Talentmanagement als Rekrutierungsstrategie wird in der jüngeren Literatur (auch) unter ethischen Gesichtspunkten kritisch diskutiert. Ich suche daher nach soziologisch und wirtschaftswissenschaftlich fundierten Konzepten für ein nicht-elitäres, inkludierendes Talentmanagement, das auch der sozialen Verantwortung von Unternehmen und Bildungseinrichtungen gerecht wird. Dazu wird der „Capability-Ansatz“ herangezogen, und es werden die Beziehungen zwischen (nicht-elitärem) Talentmanagement und Diversity-Management (DiM) dargelegt. Ein Praxisfall aus der Hochschullandschaft wird präsentiert und aus Sicht der Entwicklung von „Capabilities“ untersucht.
Interkulturelle Kompetenz
(2021)
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of a quantum system under the influence of two noncommuting fluctuation sources, i.e., purely dephasing fluctuations and relaxational fluctuations. We find that increasing purely dephasing fluctuations suppress increasing relaxation in the quantum system. This effect is further enhanced when both fluctuation sources are fully correlated. These effects arise for medium to strong primary fluctuations already when the secondary fluctuations are weak due to their noncommuting coupling to the quantum system. Dephasing, in contrast, is increased by increasing any of the two fluctuations. Fully correlated fluctuations result in overdamping at much lower system-bath coupling than uncorrelated noncommuting fluctuations. In total, we observe that treating subdominant secondary environmental fluctuations perturbatively leads, as neglecting them, to erroneous conclusions.
360° UAV Flight in a collapse test setup at the German Resuce Robotik Center
Feste und Feiern bereichern das öffentliche Leben in der Kommune. Die Kirmes ist ein Ort der Zusammenkunft und eröffnet die Möglichkeit zur temporären Beglückung. Die Teilhabe an der Kirmes ist prinzipiell allen möglich und ist sowohl ein außeralltägliches Ereignis als auch ein populäres Vergnügen, ohne das für eine gelingende Teilhabe besondere Kenntnisse oder Fähigkeiten vorausgesetzt werden.
„Hinter den Kulissen“ erfordert die Veranstaltung einer Kirmes einen mehrmonatigen Aufwand, der mit Personal- und Sachkosten verbunden ist. Ob sich eine Kommune „ihre“ Kirmes weiterhin leisten wird, hängt nicht nur von ihren personellen und finanziellen Ressourcen ab, sondern auch von der Ausstrahlung der Veranstaltung und der Nach-frage potentieller BesucherInnen.
Um die Fragen zur Bedeutung, Organisation und Perspektive (bis zu einem gewissen Grade) zu beantworten, wurden die großen und kleinen Kirmesveranstaltungen der Städte und Gemeinden im Kreis Borken untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen leiten sich konzeptionelle Grundlagen ab und Einschätzungen auf die weiteren Perspektiven
Welding and joining of components processed by additive manufacturing (AM) to other AMas well as conventionally produced components is of high importance for industry as thisallows to combine advantages of either technique and to produce large-scale structures,respectively. One of the key influencing factors with respect to weldability and mechanicalproperties of AM components was found to be the inherent microstructural anisotropy ofthese components. In present work, the precipitation-hardenable AleSi10Mg was fabri-cated in different build orientations using selective laser melting (SLM) and subsequentlyjoined by friction stir welding (FSW) in different combinations. Microstructural analysisshowed considerable grain refinement in the friction stir zone, however, pronouncedsoftening occurred in this area. The latter can be mainly attributed to changes in themorphology and size of Si particles. Upon combination of different build orientations aremarkable influence on the tensile strength of FSW joints was seen. Cyclic deformationresponses of SLM and FSW samples were examined in depth. Fatigue properties of thisalloy in the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) regime imply that SLM samples with the building di-rection parallel to the loading direction show superior performance under cyclic loading ascompared to the other conditions and the FSW joints. From results presented solid process-microstructure-property relationships are drawn.
Cone-Beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become the most important component of modern radiotherapy for positioning tumor patients directly before treatment. In this work we investigate alternations to standard acquisition protocol, called preset, for patients with a tumor in the thoracic region. The effects of the changed acquisition parameters on the image quality are evaluated using the Catphan Phantom and the image analysis software Smári. The weighted CT dose index (CTDIW) is determined in each case and the effects of the different acquisition protocols on the patient dose are classified accordingly. Additionally, the clinical suitability of alternative presets is tested by investigating correctness of image registration using the CIRS thorax phantom. The results show that a significant dose reduction can be achieved. It can be reduced by 51% for a full rotation by adjusting the gantry speed.
Flying insects employ elegant optical-flow-based strategies to solve complex tasks such as landing or obstacle avoidance. Roboticists have mimicked these strategies on flying robots with only limited success, because optical flow (1) cannot disentangle distance from velocity and (2) is less informative in the highly important flight direction. Here, we propose a solution to these fundamental shortcomings by having robots learn to estimate distances to objects by their visual appearance. The learning process obtains supervised targets from a stability-based distance estimation approach. We have successfully implemented the process on a small flying robot. For the task of landing, it results in faster, smooth landings. For the task of obstacle avoidance, it results in higher success rates at higher flight speeds. Our results yield improved robotic visual navigation capabilities and lead to a novel hypothesis on insect intelligence: behaviours that were described as optical-flow-based and hardwired actually benefit from learning processes.
Background: By reviewing image quality and diagnostic perception, the suitability of a statistical model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm in conjunction with low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening is investigated.
Methods: Artificial lung nodules shaped as spheres and spiculated spheres made from material with calibrated Hounsfield units were attached on marked positions in the lung structure of anthropomorphic phantoms. The phantoms were scanned using standard high contrast, and two low-dose computed tomography protocols: low-dose and ultra-low-dose. For the reconstruction, the filtered back projection and the iterative reconstruction algorithm ADMIRE at different strength levels (S1–S5) and the kernels Bl57, Br32, Br69 were used. Expert radiologists assessed image quality by performing 4-field-ranking tests and reading all image series to examine the aptitude for the detectability of lung nodules. Signal-to-noise ratio was investigated as objective image quality parameter.
Results: In ranking tests for lung foci detection expert radiologists prefer medium to high iterative reconstruction strength levels. For the standard clinical kernel Bl57 and varying phantom diameter, a noticeable preference for S4 was detected. Experienced radiologists graded filtered back projection reconstructed images with the highest perceptibility. Less experienced readers assessed filtered back projection and iterative reconstruction equally with the highest grades for the Bl57 kernel. Independently of the dose protocol, the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the iterative reconstruction strength level, specifically for Br69 and Bl57.
Conclusions: Subjective image perception does not significantly correlate with the experience of the radiologist, which presumably mirrors reader’s training and accustomed reading adjustments. Regarding signal-to-noise ratio, iterative reconstruction outperforms filtered back projection for spheres and spiculated spheres. Iterative reconstruction matters. It promises to be an alternative to filtered back projection allowing for lung-cancer screening at markedly decreased radiation exposure but comparable or even improved image quality.
Cardiac and liver computed tomography (CT) perfusion has not been routinely implemented in the clinic and requires high radiation doses. The purpose of this study is to examine the radiation exposure and technical settings for cardiac and liver CT perfusion scans at different CT scanners. Two cardiac and three liver CT perfusion protocols were examined with the N1 LUNGMAN phantom at three multi-slice CT scanners: a single-source (I) and second- (II) and third-generation (III) dual-source CT scanners. Radiation doses were reported for the CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP) and a standardised DLP (DLP10cm) for cardiac and liver perfusion. The effective dose (ED10cm) for a standardised scan length of 10 cm was estimated using conversion factors based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 110 phantoms and tissue-weighting factors from ICRP 103. The proposed total lifetime attributable risk of developing cancer was determined as a function of organ, age and sex for adults. Radiation exposure for CTDIvol, DLP/DLP10 cm and ED10 cm during CT perfusion was distributed as follows: for cardiac perfusion (II) 144 mGy, 1036 mGy·cm/1440 mGy·cm and 39 mSv, and (III) 28 mGy, 295 mGy·cm/279 mGy·cm and 8 mSv; for liver perfusion (I) 225 mGy, 3360 mGy·cm/2249 mGy·cm and 54 mSv, (II) 94 mGy, 1451 mGy·cm/937 mGy·cm and 22 mSv, and (III) 74 mGy, 1096 mGy·cm/739 mGy·cm and 18 mSv. The third-generation dual-source CT scanner applied the lowest doses. Proposed total lifetime attributable risk increased with decreasing age. Even though CT perfusion is a high-dose examination, we observed that new-generation CT scanners could achieve lower doses. There is a strong impact of organ, age and sex on lifetime attributable risk. Further investigations of the feasibility of these perfusion scans are required for clinical implementation.
The aim of this phantom study is to examine radiation doses of dual- and single-energy computed tomography (DECT and SECT) in the chest and upper abdomen for three different multi-slice CT scanners. A total of 34 CT protocols were examined with the phantom N1 LUNGMAN. Four different CT examination types of different anatomic regions were performed both in single- and dual-energy technique: chest, aorta, pulmonary arteries for suspected pulmonary embolism and liver. Radiation doses were examined for the CT dose index CTDIvol and dose-length product (DLP). Radiation doses of DECT were significantly higher than doses for SECT. In terms of CTDIvol, radiation doses were 1.1–3.2 times higher, and in terms of DLP, these were 1.1–3.8 times higher for DECT compared with SECT. The third-generation dual-source CT applied the lowest dose in 7 of 15 different examination types of different anatomic regions.
Alle Maßnahmen der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung sollten daran gemessen werden, den Primär-energieverbrauch so gering wie möglich zu halten, dabei aber auch die geforderten Raumzustände während der Gebäude- und Anlagennutzung sicherzustellen.
Heute geplante Gebäude und deren RLT-Anlagen werden mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit auch noch in 15 bis 20 Jahren in Betrieb sein, so dass lokale Klimaänderungen heute bereits mitgedacht und –geplant werden sollten. Die Testreferenzjahre des Deutschen Wetterdienstes bieten diese Möglichkeit mit lokalen Wetterdaten für die Bezugsjahre 2015 und 2045.
Am Beispiel eines Zentralluftgerätes einer Krankenhaus-Intensivstation wurde für die 15 Wetter¬stationen der VDI 4710, Blatt 3 in Deutschland untersucht, wie sich die Leistungsanforderungen von heute zum Jahr 2045 hin ändern werden und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für die Planung ableiten lassen. Hierbei werden die Leistungen, Energieverbräuche und Betriebszeiten der einzelnen RLT-Komponenten analysiert und verglichen.
Darüber hinaus wurde erstmalig ein „Deutschlandwetter“ auf Basis der Regionen berechnet. Dieser Ansatz liefert die stündlichen Witterungsverhältnisse für das Bundesgebiet. Wenn diese Methode auf die tatsächlichen Wetterdaten der zurückliegenden Jahre angewandt wird, kann damit analog zum Wind- und Solarindex ein Heiz- bzw. Kühlindex beschrieben werden. Damit lassen sich Modellierungsansätze zur Beschreibung der Energiewende im Gebäudesektor deutlich verbessern.
Ein Forschungsprojekt der Universität Siegen in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn. Das Vorhaben "MINTdabei" — Stärkung der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung von Young Women MINT Professionals (YWMP) beim Berufseinstieg und -aufstieg in berufliche Selbstständigkeit und Mittelstand" wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) unter dem Förderkennzeichen 01FP1620 gefördert.
Wir untersuchten Berufseinstieg und -aufstieg von YWMP in der beruflichen Selbstständigkeit und als Angestellte in mittelständischen Unternehmen, um durch die Identifikation spezifischer Probleme und Herausforderungen, insb. bei der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung, Lösungsansätze für die Zukunft zu entwickeln. Ziel des Projektes ist es, damit einen kurz-, mittel- und langfristigen Beitrag zur Stärkung der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung von Young Women MINT Professionals zu leisten.
This introduction to a special issue about concepts and facets of entrepreneurial diversity serves as a starting point for further discussion and research in this field. For this purpose, we provide information about the roots of the study of diversity and current trends in entrepreneurship research and present a frame for (researching) entrepreneurial diversity. Additionally, we briefly summarize the three papers selected for inclusion in this special issue. Together, they offer insights into the intersections of different diversity dimensions, personality as a deep dimension of team composition, and a general critical reflection on the conceptualization of entrepreneurial diversity. Taken together, the papers in this special issue present new findings and contribute to further advancing the long overdue research on and discussion about diversity in the field of entrepreneurship.
Zum Begriff der Sonderabgabe
(2021)
This Article introduces two research projects towards assistive robotic arms for people with severe body impairments. Both projects aim to develop new control and interaction designs to promote accessibility and a better performance for people with functional losses in all four extremities, e.g. due to quadriplegic or multiple sclerosis. The project MobILe concentrates on using a robotic arm as drinking aid and controlling it with smart glasses, eye-tracking and augmented reality. A user oriented development process with participatory methods were pursued which brought new knowledge about the life and care situation of the future target group and the requirements a robotic drinking aid needs to meet. As a consequence the new project DoF-Adaptiv follows an even more participatory approach, including the future target group, their family and professional caregivers from the beginning into decision making and development processes within the project. DoF-Adaptiv aims to simplify the control modalities of assistive robotic arms to enhance the usability of the robotic arm for activities of daily living. lo decide on exemplary activities, like eating or open a door, the future target group, their family and professional caregivers are included in the decision making process. Furthermore all relevant stakeholders will be included in the investigation of ethical, legal and social implications as well as the identification of potential risks. This article will show the importance of the participatory design for the development and research process in MobILe and DoF-Adaptiv.